NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are the go-to pills for aches, fever, and inflammation. You’ve probably used ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) or naproxen (Aleve). They work fast for headaches, muscle pain, arthritis flares, and period cramps. But they’re not harmless—knowing when and how to use them makes a big difference.
NSAIDs block enzymes called COX, which lowers prostaglandins—those chemicals that cause pain, fever, and swelling. That’s why they help both pain and inflammation. Use them for sprains, strains, dental pain, menstrual cramps, and many kinds of mild to moderate pain. For fever in adults, they work well. For inflammation from things like tendonitis or osteoarthritis, they can help short-term and sometimes longer under a doctor’s advice.
There are oral and topical options. Topical gels and creams (like diclofenac gel) target joints with less whole-body exposure—handy if you want fewer side effects. For fast migraine relief, NSAIDs help some people, though migraine-specific meds are often better.
Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest time. Take NSAIDs with food to cut stomach upset. Avoid mixing multiple NSAIDs (no combining ibuprofen and naproxen) and be careful if you take blood thinners, high blood pressure meds, or certain antidepressants—interactions matter.
Watch for warning signs: black or bloody stools, vomiting blood, sharp belly pain, sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, sudden swelling, or much less urine than usual. These could be signs of bleeding, heart trouble, or kidney problems. If any show up, stop the drug and call your doctor.
Special cases: avoid NSAIDs in the third trimester of pregnancy. If you have peptic ulcer disease, active bleeding, severe kidney disease, or certain heart conditions, talk to a clinician before using them. Older adults are more likely to get side effects; doctors may suggest lower doses or topical options.
Need a quick alternative? For pain without inflammation, acetaminophen (paracetamol) can work and is gentler on the stomach, but it won’t reduce swelling. Non-drug options—ice, heat, rest, physical therapy—often help too and carry no drug risks.
Final practical bit: read labels, follow dosing instructions, and if you find yourself reaching for NSAIDs more than a few days in a row, check in with a healthcare provider. Long-term use should be supervised so you get relief without unnecessary risk.
